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Rwanda, igihugu bamwe bivugira no , batazi inkomoko y’iryo zina, ruteye amatsiko kumenya igihe rwaturiwe, bamwe bemeza ko ari ejobundi mu mwaka wa 1091 nyuma y’ivuka rya Yezu, abandi bakemeza ko rwamutanze kuvuka.
U Rwanda, amateka yagiye yandikwa, avuga ko rwatangiye ari agahugu gato, kari i Gasabo mu Karere ka Gasabo kuri ubu, muri ako karere ubu niho habarizwa ibiro bitandukanye by’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu, iby’Umukuru w’Igihugu, Minisiteri nyinshi n’ibindi bigo bikomeye mu Rwanda, ariko aho rwatangiriye, uhabwirwa n’ikigabiro gihari,nta kundi kuhabona hitabwaho kugeza ubu.
Amateka yakunze kwandikwa ko u Rwanda rwahanzwe mu kinyejana cya 11 (1091), ruremwe n’Umwami Gihanga Ngomijana. Rwari igihugu gito, gituranye n’ibihugu by’ibikeba kandi bifite imbaraga bya Bugesera na Gisaka (ubu ni mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba).
Abami b’u Rwanda bagiye batera ibi bihugu bakabyigarurira, u Rwanda ruraguka rugera ku kiyaga cya Kivu.
Mu kinyejana cya 15, Abanyoro baturutse mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda bararwigaruriye. Umwami Ruganzu Ndoli ni we wongeye kwigarurira twa turere twose tw’u Rwanda mu kinyejana cya 16 (1510), amara imyaka isaga 30 ku ngoma.
Guhera icyo gihe, ubwami bw’u Rwanda bwatangiye gusugira mu karere, aho rwageraga mu mbibi za Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo y’ubu, rugakomeza mu Bugande hafi y’ikiyaga cya Edward.
U Rwanda rwatuwe mu myaka 900 mbere ya Yezu
Isi dutuye byemejwe ko imazeho imyaka myinshi isaga ibihumbi bibiri, nubwo babara haherewe ku mwaka wa mbere wafashwe nk’ivuka rya Yezu.
U Rwanda ariko ngo rwatangiye kubaho mu myaka 900 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu, nkuko abahanga babyerekana, dore ko kumenya igihe ikintu runaka cyabereyeho bisigaye byoroshye hifashishijwe icyitwa carbone 14, 14 yifashishwa mu gusuzuma igihe ibikoresho byakoreshwaga icyo gihe bimaze.
Ibyapimwe byo mu Rwanda kugeza ubu byerekana muri iyi myaka ya 900 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu nkuko byagaragajwe n’Umwanditsi w’ibitabao bivuga ku mateka, Nyirishema Celestin , cyane mu cyo yise ‘Ibyatahuwe mu mateka y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi’cyasohotse muri 2013.
Inkomoko y’abatuye u Rwanda
Amateka y’ibitekerezo avuga ko u Rwanda rwatuwe n’ibimanuka byavuye mu ijuru, ari nabyo umwami wa mbere w’u Rwanda, Gihanga Kanyarwanda Ngomijana akomokaho.
Ukuri k’uko u Rwanda rwatuwe kwerekanwa n’abahanga muri icyo gitabo cya Nyirishema nuko ko bavuye mu butayu bwa Sahara mbere yo kuba ubutayu.
Abahanga bemeza ko icyitwa ubutayu bwa Sahara hari ahantu hatoshye hahingwa. Nyuma haje kuba ubutayu maze abari bahatuye mu myaka 3000 mbere ya Yezu basuhukira mu majyepfo ya Afurika, mu bice bya Cameroun, Congo, Uganda na Kenya.
Ku ikubitiro Abahigi n’abatoraguzi
Abo nibo baje batangira gutura u Rwanda. Muri icyo cyiciro habarizwamo ‘Abatwa n’impunyu’ kuko n’ubundi ari bo baturage ba mbere bageze mu bihugu bitandukanye bya Afurika birimo n’u Rwanda.
Abo batwa bakomeje kwihigira inyamaswa ndetse banatoratora imbuto zabaga ziri mu mashyamba yariho atarasagarirwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu.
Ibirimo kuvugwa ntaho bihuriye n’amoko abakoloni baje bifashisha muri Afurika bagamije gutanga abari bayituye.
Ubworozi bwabanjirije ubuhinzi
Ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi, byabanjirijwe n’ibyo korora, mu Rwanda no mu bice bitandukanye bya Afurika.
Mu Rwanda imyaka ya mbere yahahinzwe ni amasaka n’uburo byari bifite n’ibisobanuro bikomeye mu butegetsi bwa Cyami.
Ibyo bihingwa ngo ndetse byari bisanzwe muri Afurika , nkuko byemezwa ko bitakomotse hakurya y’inyanja( i Burayi, Amerika na Aziya) kuko ibindi bihingwa byinshi byageze muri Afurika mu myaka ya 1575 bizanywe n’abanya-Portugal bakolonije Angola.
Umwanditsi Nyirishema agaragaza ko ubuhinzi busa n’ubwo mu myaka ya vuba aha, ariko ubworozi busa n’ubwakozwe kuva kera mu Rwanda.
Ubworozi bw’inka buzwi cyane mu Misiri mu myaka 5000 ishize, akaba ari naho zabanje kororwa mbere. Izo nka zageze mu Rwanda, mu Burundi, Uganda na Tanzania mu myaka 750 mbere ya Yezu Kirisitu.Inka zimaze kugera mu gice gitoshye cy’u Rwanda n’u Burundi zararumbutse.
Hari andi mateka y’Umubiligi
Amateka y’u Rwanda yigishijwe n’abakoloni yerekanaga ko u Rwanda rwatuwe bwa mbere n’Abatwa , bagakurikirwa n’Abahutu nyuma hagakurikiraho Abatutsi, icyakora uhereye ku mirimo ya buri bwoko wavuga ko abatwa bakurikiwe n’Abatutsi, nyuma hagataho Abahutu.
Ayo mateka yanditswe n’Abanyamahanga barimo Jan Vansina, Umubiligi wananditse amateka y’u Rwanda mu gihe aribo bari barukolonije bari bagamije guharabika no gusiribanganya amateka ya Afurika.
Ayo mateka y’u Rwanda yigishwaga mu mashuri yari agamije kuryanisha Abanyarwanda ngo birememo ibice umuzungu ashobore kubanyaga igihugu cyabo.
Ayo mateka yavugaga ko Umututsi yari umushyitsi wakomotse muri Ethiopia, aza gukandamiza Umuhutu wari wisangiwe mu gihugu yihingira ibijumba, ibishyimbo n’indi myaka akanorora n’ihene, bakavuga ko umworozi w’inka yaje Rwanda mu myaka iri hagati ya 300 na 600 ishize, uhereye kuri ayo mateka ushobora kuvumburamo ibinyoma.
Ubutaha tuzarebera hamwe aho abatuye u Rwanda bahuriye n’amoko yigishijwe mu Rwanda akandikwa mu ndangamuntu, akaza no kwifashishwa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Salongo Richard
