Hari Saa munani z’ijoro ku wa Kane tariki 21 Ukwakira 1993, mu Mujyi wa Bujumbura amasasu yarimo avuga hafi y’Ingoro y’Umukuru w’Igihugu, iruhande rwa Hotel Source du Nil yari yarayemo umunyamakuru wa Jeune Afrique, Laurent Giraudineau.
Amaze kumva amasasu, yarombotse akura amarido ku madirishya, arebye hasi abona abasirikare bari kurasa bashaka kwinjira mu biro by’Umukuru w’Igihugu, Melchior Ndadaye, wari umaze iminsi ijana atowe n’abaturage.
Urusaku rw’amasasu rwamaze iminota 45. Ibisasu byarashwe byasenye igice kimwe cy’ibiro bya Perezida ndetse no kuri hotel Source du Nil.
Saa mbili za mu gitondo, imodoka ya gisirikare yaje kuri Perezidansi itwaye Ndadaye n’umuryango we, abashinzwe kumurinda bamusezeranya kwita ku mutekano we.
Umwe mu bakozi ba Perezidansi yabonye ibintu atari ibisanzwe, ashaka gutorokesha Ndadaye ariko undi arabyanga.
Imodoka y’abamurinda yahise imujyana mu kigo cya Muha, agezeyo asanga abasirikare barakaye bamutegereje ari nabo bari baraye barasa bamushaka ngo bamukure ku butegetsi.
Abo basirikare basabye abamurinda kumubaha, abamurinda babanza kubyanga bajya mu biganiro byarangiye bemeye kumutanga ahagana saa tatu za mu gitondo.
Ba basirikare bari bateguye Coup d’Etat, bishe Ndadaye ahagana saa yine bamwicira muri icyo kigo bamuhondaguye ibyuma byamuvunnye imbavu, banamunigisha ikiziriko nkuko byagaragajwe na raporo y’isuzumamurambo yakozwe nyuma y’iminsi apfuye.
Umurambo wa Ndadaye waje kuboneka nyuma y’iminsi mike ushyinguye mu irimbi rya Ruziba mu Majyepfo ya Bujumbura. Wataburuwe tariki 30 Ukwakira ujyanwa mu ruganda rwenga inzoga rwa Brarudi.
Umunsi Ndadaye yishweho, abasirikare bahise birara mu bayobozi bo mu ishyaka Sahwanya Frodebu Ndadaye yaturukagamo barabica, by’umwihariko Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Pontien Karibwami na Visi Perezida we Gilles Bimazubute ari nabo Itegeko Nshinga ryagenaga ko bashobora kumusimbura.
Ndadaye yazize iki?
Uyu mugabo wari uwo mu bwoko bw’abahutu akomoka mu ishyaka Sahwanya Frodebu. Mu myaka isaga 30 u Burundi bwari bumaze bwigenga, nta muhutu n’umwe wari warayoboye igihugu.
Mu myaka ya 1990, abayobozi bo mu Karere k’ibiyaga bigari cyane cyane abafashwaga n’u Bufaransa, Perezida François Mitterand yabasabye gufungura urubuga rwa demokarasi mu bihugu byabo bitaba ibyo bakimwa inkunga zimwe na zimwe.
U Rwanda na Zaire byahise bibikora biganisha ku mashyaka menshi mu gihugu ariko u Burundi bwayoborwaga na Major Pierre Buyoya burabyanga kugeza mu 1992 ubwo igitutu cy’amahanga cyari kibugeze kure.
Ishyaka rukumbi UPRONA ryari rigizwe cyane n’abatutsi niryo ryari ryarayoboye u Burundi kuva mu 1966.
Ubwo amashyaka menshi yemerwaga hakanategurwa amatora ya Perezida n’ay’abadepite, nibwo amashyaka nka Frodebu, PSD, PP n’andi yakajije umurego, atangira kwiyamamariza imyanya.
Mu matora ya tariki 1 Kamena 1993, Ndadaye yatorewe kuba Perezida atsinze Buyoya wari umaze imyaka itandatu ku butegetsi. Ishyaka Frodebu no mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ryabonye amajwi 80%.
Ndadaye akigera ku butegetsi, inshuro nyinshi yashatse guhirikwa n’abasirikare bari bagizwe ahanini n’abo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi.
Uwo mugabo kandi yari yugarijwe impande zose kuko uretse abatutsi by’umwihariko abasirikare batamwibonagamo n’abahutu bari bamumereye nabi ngo ashyikirize inkiko abatutsi bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwagiye buba muri icyo gihugu bugahitana imbaga y’abahutu.
Ikinyamakuru Le Soir cyo mu Bubiligi, tariki 2 Ugushyingo 1993 cyanditse ko mu Burundi hari ikimeze nk’ikirunga cyashoboraga kuruka isaha n’isaha.
Raporo ya Komisiyo ya Loni ku kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Burundi guhera mu 1993, ivuga ko Ndadaye amaze gupfa abakoze Coup bashyizeho Komite bise ‘Conseil National de Salut Public’ iyobowe na François Ngeze wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Umutekano ku bwa Buyoya, wahise akuraho ba Guverineri b’abasivile, abasimbuza abasirikare.
Iyo Guverinoma niyo yatangiye kuyobora igihugu ari nako yica abahoze mu buyobozi ku bwa Ndadaye ndetse n’umuturage wese wagaragazaga ko atabashyigikiye.
Iyo raporo ivuga ko itabashije kumenya amazina y’abateguye iyo coup d’etat, nubwo yemeza ko ari abasirikare kubera ko nta musirikare n’umwe wigeze apfa arengera Perezida Ndadaye no kuba ntacyo igisirikare cyigeze gikora ngo kiburizemo iryo hirikwa ry’ubutegetsi.
Coup d’Etat yari yateguwe
Ndadaye amaze gupfa, Loni yamaganye abari bafashe ubutegetsi ndetse imiryango mpuzamahanga itangaza ko itazakorana n’abahiritse ubutegetsi.
Abahiritse ubutegetsi bamaze kubona ko bitazashoboka, bavuye ku izima bemera ko ubutegetsi buhabwa abasivili ariko bagambana n’andi mashyaka, kutemerera Frodebu kuyobora nubwo ariyo yari iherutse gutsinda amatora.
Kubera ko n’ubusanzwe abayoboke b’imena ba Frodebu bari bishwe, abandi baragize ubwoba bagahunga, amashyaka yari yatsinzwe mu matora yishyize hamwe muri Gashyantare 1994, yitoranyamo ugomba kuba Perezida ari we Cyprien Ntaryamira.
Ntaryamira amaze kugwa mu ndege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana muri Mata 1994, amashyaka yongeye guterana atora umusimbura ari we Slyvestre Ntibantunganya.
Ingaruka z’urupfu rwa Ndadaye ku Rwanda
Ndadaye amaze gupfa, ibihumbi by’impunzi z’Abarundi byiganjemo abahutu baje mu Rwanda, bubakirwa inkambi zitandukanye mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda.
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yabaye mu Rwanda hari impunzi z’Abarundi zigera ku bihumbi 270.
Joyce Leader, umwe mu badipolomate ba Amerika babaye mu Rwanda yavuze ko impunzi z’abahutu bo mu Burundi kubera umujinya w’ibyo bari barahuye nabyo, binjiye ku bwinshi mu Nterahamwe ndetse bagira uruhare rukomeye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Yagize ati “Bari abantu barakaye. Icyo nzi ni uko hari abakurwaga muri izo nkambi z’impunzi z’Abarundi bakajya guhabwa imyitozo mu Nterahamwe i Gabiro. Bagize uruhare muri Jenoside.”
Urugero ni impunzi z’Abarundi zabaga mu yahoze ari Komini Ntongwe, bamwe muri bo bafashe iya mbere bica Abatutsi urubozo, bakajya bababaga bakabakuramo imitima bakayotsa.
Mu minsi ishize ubushinjacyaha bw’u Rwanda bwatangaje ko bwagerageje gufungura iperereza kuri bamwe mu Barundi bakekwa ariko ibimenyetso bikaba ingorabahizi kubera ko bamwe basubiye iwabo nta mazina yabo nyakuri azwi.
Ni nde wishe Ndadaye?
Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’u Burundi mu 1999 rwahamije abasirikare batanu uruhare mu rupfu rwa Ndadaye, rubakatira urwo gupfa.
Mu bakatiwe icyo gihe harimo Paul Kamana wari warahungiye muri Uganda ari na we wayoboye abasirikare bateye kuri Perezidansi ya Ndadaye, Laurence Nzeyimana, Juvénal Gahungu, Sylvère Nduwumukama na Emmanuel Ndayizeye.
Hari abandi 38 bagizwe abere barimi Col Jean Bikomagu wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo akaba n’Umugaba Mukuru wazo ubwo Ndadaye yicwaga.
Fabien Segatwa wari Umunyamategeko w’Umuryango wa Ndadaye n’inyeshyamba za CNDD-FDD iri ku butegetsi ubu, banenze urwo rubanza bavuga ko abahanwe ari agakingirizo k’abandi bayobozi barimo na Buyoya.
Leta y’u Burundi iherutse gusohora impapuro zo guta muri yombi Pierre Buyoya wahoze ayoboye icyo gihugu we n’abandi 11 bashinjwa kuba ku isonga y’urupfu rwa Ndadaye.
CNDD-FDD yigeze gutangaza ko Buyoya ari we wateguye Coup d’Etat ibishingiye ku kuba mu 1993 hari abanyepolitiki bo muri Uprona biyamamaje babwira abaturage ko niba bashaka kongera kuba impunzi, imfubyi cyangwa abapfakazi bazatora undi utari Buyoya.
Ibyo kandi babishingira ku kuba nyuma y’urupfu rwa Ndadaye, Buyoya atarahise ajya ku mugaragaro ngo abyamagane nk’uwahoze ari Perezida, no kuba abahise batangaza ko bafashe ubutegetsi bari bagizwe n’abahoze ari ibyegera bye.
Iryo shyaka rivuga ko binashimangirwa n’uko abakoze Coup d’Etat bagororewe imyanya myiza ubwo Buyoya yasubiraga ku butegetsi mu 1996.
Buyoya aherutse gusohora itangazo yamagana ibyo ashinjwa, avuga ko ari uburyo Leta y’u Burundi iri gukoresha ngo isibanganye ibibazo ifite kuva mu 2015.
Yavuze ko ahubwo iyo Leta ishaka kugarura imvururu z’amoko mu baturage.
Intambara yadutse mu Burundi nyuma y’urupfu rwa Ndadaye yahitanye abantu basaga 300 000 mu myaka 15.
